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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a target, a prize for the poor guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all of the documents you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, some products store your encrypted data in the cloud. This strategy requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It actually depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each of these products to get a feel for the different options.

After you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disk using an encrypted version. It is more common, however, to offer secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, image, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, with the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one of the products accumulated here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you are an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create an electronic signature that shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The fact that pop over to this site your public key decrypts it's all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to share a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.